Renewable energy is in high demand for residential use, and solar energy is a favored source due to its popularity. One of the benefits of incorporating solar energy into EV charging systems is the reduction of GHG emissions while also lessening the load on the electrical grid, thus aiding in grid stabilization during peak hours. Integrated power converter topologies between photovoltaic (PV) panels, grid, and EV provide improved efficiency and reduced size, weight, and cost compared to non-integrated structures. Nevertheless, conventional integrated topologies mainly rely on traditional sub-converters which experience high voltage stresses on the semiconductor devices and low voltage gains. The paper presents a novel Multiport Power Converter, which is integrated into grid-tied PV-EV charging systems. This Converter is capable of offering lowered voltage stress on the bidirectional EV-side converter, thus improving the system's efficiency. Additionally, it can achieve a higher voltage gain for the PV-side converter operations. The converter can function in various modes- grid to EV, EV to grid, PV/EV to grid, PV to EV, and PV to grid. To validate the proposed converter, a MATLAB-based simulation programme is utilised to verify the theoretical analysis and performance of the proposed converter.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. (Apr. 2021). Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks. [Online]. Available: https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks
Khan, S., Ahmad, A., Ahmad, F., Shafaati Shemami, M., Saad Alam, M., & Khateeb, S. (2018). A comprehensive review on solar powered electric vehicle charging system. Smart Science, 6(1), 54-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2017.1419054
Krim, Y., Sechilariu, M., & Locment, F. (2021). PV benefits assessment for PV-powered charging stations for electric vehicles. Applied Sciences, 11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094127
Mobarak, M. H., Kleiman, R. N., & Bauman, J. (2021). Solar-charged electric vehicles: A comprehensive analysis of grid, driver, and environmental benefits. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 7(2), 579-603. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2020.2996363
Mouli, G. R. C., Leendertse, M., Prasanth, V., Bauer, P., Silvester, S., van de Geer, S., & Zeman, M. (2016, June). Economic and CO2 emission benefits of a solar powered electric vehicle charging station for workplaces in the Netherlands. 2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC). Dearborn, MI, USA. https://doi.org/10.1109/itec.2016.7520273
Yilmaz, M., & Krein, P. T. (2013). Review of the impact of vehicle-to-grid technologies on distribution systems and utility interfaces. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 28(12), 5673–5689. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2012.2227500
Tirunagari, S., Gu, M., & Meegahapola, L. (2022). Reaping the benefits of smart electric vehicle charging and vehicle-to-grid technologies: Regulatory, policy and technical aspects. IEEE Access: Practical Innovations, Open Solutions, 10, 114657–114672. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3217525
Esfahani, F., Darwish, A., & Williams, B. W. (2022). Power converter topologies for grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) powered electric vehicles (EVs)-A comprehensive review. Energies, 15(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134648
Safayatullah, M., Elrais, M. T., Ghosh, S., Rezaii, R., & Batarseh, I. (2022). A comprehensive review of power converter topologies and control methods for electric vehicle fast charging applications. IEEE Access: Practical Innovations, Open Solutions, 10, 40753–40793. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3166935
Bhatti, A. R., Salam, Z., Aziz, M. J. B. A., Yee, K. P., & Ashique, R. H. (2016). Electric vehicles charging using photovoltaic: Status and technological review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 34–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.091
Khan, S. A., Islam, M. R., Guo, Y., & Zhu, J. (2019). A new isolated multi-port converter with multi-directional power flow capabilities for smart electric vehicle charging stations. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity: A Publication of the IEEE Superconductivity Committee, 29(2), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2019.2895526
Chandra Mouli, G. R., Schijffelen, J., van den Heuvel, M., Kardolus, M., & Bauer, P. (2019). A 10 kW solar-powered bidirectional EV charger compatible with chademo and COMBO. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 34(2), 1082–1098. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2829211
Bhattacharjee, A. K., & Batarseh, I. (2021). An interleaved boost and dual active bridge-based single-stage three-port DC–DC–AC converter with sine PWM modulation. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics (1982), 68(6), 4790–4800. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.2992956
Khan, O., Hredzak, B., & Fletcher, J. E. (2022, June 29). A Reconfigurable Multiport Converter for Grid Integrated Hybrid PV/EV/Battery System. 2022 IEEE 16th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics, and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG). Birmingham, United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1109/cpe-powereng54966.2022.9880873
Saxena, N., Hussain, I., Singh, B., & Vyas, A. L. (2018). Implementation of a grid-integrated PV-battery system for residential and electrical vehicle applications. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics (1982), 65(8), 6592–6601. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2739712
Monteiro, V., Pinto, J. G., & Afonso, J. L. (2018). Experimental validation of a three-port integrated topology to interface electric vehicles and renewables with the electrical grid. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 14(6), 2364–2374. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2018.2818174
Verma, A., & Singh, B. (2019). Multi-Objective Reconfigurable Three-Phase Off-Board Charger for EV. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 55(4), 4192–4203. https://doi.org/10.1109/tia.2019.2908950
Verma, A., Singh, B., Chandra, A., & Al Haddad, K. (2020). An implementation of solar PV array based multifunctional EV charger. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1109/tia.2020.2984742
Zhang, Y., Liu, Q., Li, J., & Sumner, M. (2018). A common ground switched-quasi-Z -source bidirectional DC–DC converter with wide-voltage-gain range for EVs with hybrid energy sources. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics (1982), 65(6), 5188–5200. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2756603
Shalbaf,A. (2023). An Improved Multiport Power Converter for Grid-tied PV-EV Charging Systems. Transactions on Machine Intelligence, 6(2), 89-103. doi: 10.47176/TMI.2023.89
MLA
Shalbaf,A. . "An Improved Multiport Power Converter for Grid-tied PV-EV Charging Systems", Transactions on Machine Intelligence, 6, 2, 2023, 89-103. doi: 10.47176/TMI.2023.89
HARVARD
Shalbaf A. (2023). 'An Improved Multiport Power Converter for Grid-tied PV-EV Charging Systems', Transactions on Machine Intelligence, 6(2), pp. 89-103. doi: 10.47176/TMI.2023.89
CHICAGO
A. Shalbaf, "An Improved Multiport Power Converter for Grid-tied PV-EV Charging Systems," Transactions on Machine Intelligence, 6 2 (2023): 89-103, doi: 10.47176/TMI.2023.89
VANCOUVER
Shalbaf A. An Improved Multiport Power Converter for Grid-tied PV-EV Charging Systems. Trans. Mach. Intell., 2023; 6(2): 89-103. doi: 10.47176/TMI.2023.89