Transactions on Machine Intelligence 2821-1693 6 1 2023 03 01 Studying The Influences of Visual Neurofeedback Below the Range Of Δ Frequency Band 1 9 181342 10.47176/TMI.2023.1 EN R. Yaghoobi Karimi Department of Biomedical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran S. Azadi Department of Biomedical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran O. Rahmani Seryasat Assistant Prof, Department of Electrical Engineering, Shams Higher Education Institute, Gorgan, Iran 0000-0002-9289-6128 Journal Article 2022 12 08 The treatment of conditions like attention deficit disorder through visual neurofeedback not only alleviates the side effects linked with medications but also empowers the brain to autonomously regulate its functions. Numerous research studies employ visual neurofeedback targeting standard EEG bands, especially the beta band, for addressing attention deficit issues. These studies argue that such neurofeedback protocols specifically modulate brain function, exerting the most pronounced influence on the 0.5 to 1.5 Hz EEG band. Consequently, our study delves into the impact of visual neurofeedback on the 0.5 to 1.5 Hz band with the aim of enhancing the visual attention of normal adult subjects. Two distinct neurofeedback training protocols were implemented: the relative beta-I band power and fractal dimension. Subjects underwent 12 training sessions, each lasting 15 minutes. Visual attention assessment utilized the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA). The results demonstrated significant improvements in the visual attention of subjects for both protocols (DRT = 37.3 ms and 19.6 ms for the beta-I protocol and fractal dimension protocol, respectively). Moreover, an analysis of the data indicated a noteworthy decrease in the relative band power of 0.5 to 1.5 Hz across all subjects throughout the 12 training sessions (DRP = 1.19±0.36 and 0.63±0.39 for the beta-I protocol and fractal dimension protocol, respectively). This implies that this specific band could be an effective approach for enhancing visual attention in visual neurofeedback or eye biofeedback, potentially mitigating eye movements. https://www.tmachineintelligence.ir/article_181342_f70b5e288b6d89eb469417283da7bd5c.pdf