Transactions on Machine Intelligence 2821-1693 6 4 2023 10 01 Economic Load Spreading by Considering the Presence of Electric Vehicles in Order to Reduce Pollution Particles and To Consider Demand Response 248 265 186334 10.47176/TMI.2023.248 EN F. Badakhshani Master's student, Electrical Department, Abadeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadeh, Iran N. Goudarzi Assistant Professor, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Abadeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadeh, Iran 0009-0003-8733-1856 Journal Article 2023 05 10 The development of power networks has expanded the production and consumption of electrical energy into highly competitive areas, including the use of renewable energy.  Solar energy, for example, not only reduces fuel consumption but also lowers the long-term cost of electricity production by requiring only initial capital investment. This research focuses on economic dispatching in the network. The aim of this research is to decrease environmental pollution and energy production costs. The subject being investigated exhibits non-linear properties in many areas, and cannot be viewed as a linear problem. Various tools are utilized in this research to achieve the main objective. One tool utilized in this research is the use of solar production sources and energy storage elements to shift part of the load during peak hours to low-load hours. Electric cars are used as an example. The particle swarm algorithm is employed to optimize the presence hours of electric vehicles and the amount that each power plant unit should produce. However, this research has implemented restrictions for the optimal use of these units. These restrictions will be explained in detail below. https://www.tmachineintelligence.ir/article_186334_11aa2fb7a9ca266b6705bd2a2c41818f.pdf