Transactions on Machine Intelligence2821-16933120200301Mechanically Closed Loop Gearbox Test Rig Controller11315975210.47176/TMI.2020.1ENS.Dolatkhah TaklooK.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, IranM.MardaniSharif University of Technology Branch of ACECR, Tehran, IranJournal Article20191102Most of the techniques used to monitor and diagnose faults from machines are usually based on additional measurements which require high setup costs and installation difficulties. This paper focuses on developing controller of a new method to monitor and detect problems of a gearbox transmission system based on the parameters acquired from control systems. The control data which are usually available in most of machines, including actuator current and valve flow, equivalent tensional stiffness, rotary inertia, load set point, speed demand, motor current and torque feedback have been explored based on gearbox test system[1]. Electro hydraulic actuators are widely applied in several engineering fields. However, their design is not a simple task since it is necessary to observe their behavior according to control theory. A nonlinear regression model is adopted to simulate the test condition and survey the results in the present of disturbances and any kind of interferences. The objective of this study was to obtain physical model of an electro- hydraulic actuator and provide the electro-hydraulic system which depends on the hydraulic actuators to meet the motion control system demands. However, their design is not a simple task since it is necessary to observe their behavior according to control theory. The core of the paper depends on comparing the results of two corresponding control methods (On-Off control and PID control) and the impact of the noise into the control input signal. The results confirm that the PID controller modifies the response even in presence of the noise in control input signal in accuracy, rise time, settling time, and speed.https://www.tmachineintelligence.ir/article_159752_29132a543cdc58edf25e98d6f24a873a.pdfTransactions on Machine Intelligence2821-16933120200301Improvement of Genetic Algorithm for Optimizing Routing and Power Consumption in Network on Chip142215975510.47176/TMI.2020.14ENF.JalaliFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology (SUT), Tabriz, IranA.EbrahimiFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology (SUT), Tabriz, IranS.AlirezazadehFaculty of Computer Science, University of the East, Manila, PhilippinesF.SiarFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, IranJournal Article20191020Network on Chip (NoC) is a new structure that has attracted attention of researchers in electronics. Performance of routing in network on chip is an important task. Two problems are considered in this paper. First problem is finding an appropriate order for responsibilities of task graph. Position of tasks should be found on communication kip. Second problem is communicating and finding appropriate direction for NoC. Appropriate direction is a direction that contains minimum distance in mapped tasks and uses network bandwidth optimally. It also has less power consumption. In this paper, a combination of genetic algorithm (GA) and ant colony optimization (ACO) is utilized to map cores on NoC optimally. Also proposed algorithm is applied for finding directions on chip. Results show that proposed algorithm can do routing task in NoC well and decrease power consumption.https://www.tmachineintelligence.ir/article_159755_f6595482225586337a1b2d647674beb8.pdfTransactions on Machine Intelligence2821-16933120200301Estimation of Angular Velocity and Position of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Discrete-Time Extended Kalman Filter and Hybrid Extended Kalman Filter233315975710.47176/TMI.2020.23ENS.TalaeeMalek Ashtar University of Technology (MUT), Tehran, IranS.NasrollahiMalek Ashtar University of Technology (MUT), Tehran, IranM. R.ArvanSharif University of Technology, Tehran, IranJournal Article20191225This paper presents an analytical study of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), focusing on the estimation of its rotor's angular position and velocity using nonlinear filtering techniques. Due to the inherent nonlinearity of the PMSM's state-space equations, conventional linear estimation methods are insufficient for accurate state estimation. In this work, the motor's armature current being a directly measurable quantity is utilized as the primary observable to estimate the system’s internal states, specifically the rotor’s angular position and angular velocity. Two advanced estimation algorithms are employed and compared: the Discrete Extended Kalman Filter (DEKF) and the Hybrid Extended Kalman Filter (HEKF). These algorithms are adapted to handle the nonlinear nature of the PMSM dynamics and to operate effectively within a discrete-time framework. Simulation results reveal that both filters are capable of estimating rotor dynamics with reasonable accuracy. However, the hybrid Kalman filter demonstrates superior performance in terms of estimation precision and convergence speed. The findings highlight the effectiveness of hybrid nonlinear filtering approaches in improving the observability and control performance of PMSM systems, particularly in sensorless or low-cost applications where direct measurement of rotor position is impractical.https://www.tmachineintelligence.ir/article_159757_99790e3ad90157968691bc69b0970056.pdfTransactions on Machine Intelligence2821-16933120200301Analysis of the Droop Control Method in DC Microgrids with Regard to the Types of Load344215975810.47176/TMI.2020.34ENM.MahdavyfakhrDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranM.HamzehDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranE.AfjeiDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20191129The droop control method enables decentralized load sharing among voltage source converters (VSCs) in microgrids, eliminating the need for centralized control or communication. However, the accuracy of power sharing under droop control can be significantly affected by various factors, including the configuration of the microgrid and the nature of the connected loads. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the power-sharing accuracy of the droop control method, specifically examining its performance with three distinct types of electrical loads: constant impedance (CI), constant current (CC), and constant power (CP). Each load type introduces unique challenges that influence the proportional power distribution among converters. Furthermore, the effect of the microgrid’s topology and line impedance variations on the power-sharing capability of droop control is systematically investigated. The research also explores how different DC microgrid configurations affect the reliability and fairness of power distribution. To validate the theoretical findings, detailed simulations are conducted in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation results confirm the sensitivity of the droop control approach to load type and network structure, offering insights into optimizing controller parameters for enhanced performance and robust load sharing in practical DC microgrid applications.https://www.tmachineintelligence.ir/article_159758_217c84998efab30ea62d6b211e3a5f26.pdfTransactions on Machine Intelligence2821-16933120200301Modeling the Human Sinoatrial Node Based on Sequential Discharge Hypothesis435615975910.47176/TMI.2020.43ENR.Yaghoobi KarimiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, IranS.AzadiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, IranO.Rahamni SeryasatDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Adiban Institute of Higher Education, Garmsar, Iran.Journal Article20191222Achieving electrical synchronization among sinoatrial (SA) node cells, which is essential for initiating and propagating pacemaker activity, remains a complex and widely discussed issue in cardiac electrophysiology. While several previous studies have proposed theoretical models to explain this synchronization, the majority have been limited to small-scale simulations involving only a few interconnected SA node cells. To address this limitation, the present study introduces a novel computational model of the human SA node grounded in the sequential discharge hypothesis. This model features a three-dimensional (3D) lattice of cells governed by a modified Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) framework, where the membrane dynamics are adjusted using a time constant to simulate realistic propagation of action potentials through gap junctions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model can produce stable oscillatory activity within a physiological heart rate range of 40 to 180 beats per minute (BPM). Furthermore, the 3D network effectively estimates the extracellular electrical potential in the vicinity of the SA node, closely matching the signals recorded by clinical electrodes. These findings suggest that the model offers a more comprehensive and scalable approach for studying the electrical synchronization mechanisms of large populations of SA node cells, particularly in human cardiac tissue.https://www.tmachineintelligence.ir/article_159759_d706ce6f361d6891c973974f7cc669ed.pdfTransactions on Machine Intelligence2821-16933120200301A Queue Length Based Multipath Routing For MANET: A Stochastic Approach576315976010.47176/TMI.2020.57ENM.GolbabapourK.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, IranM.ArdebilipourK.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, IranB.MahboobiScience and Research Branch of Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200102Ad hoc networks use AODV and AOMDV routing protocols to find path from source to destination. But when number of mobile node in the network or movement velocity increases, AODV and AOMDV routing protocols are not efficient and cannot overcome well handle the dynamic complexity of the mobile network. Thus, we need a routing algorithm that has a low level of fault and transmit data packets safely to the destination. To have a good performance in this case, we use multipath routing to control the traffic congestion in the network. In this article, we purposed a new routing algorithm based on AOMDV routing protocol named AOMDV-AQ that caused congestion control and load balancing in the network. Of order to route traffic congestion into less crowded neighbors who are less congested, this technique employs the average queue length in each intermediary node. This random routing procedure increase throughput and decrease end-to-end delay of packets from source to destination because of the effect on congestion level of network traffic on bottleneck nodes. Finally, it improves the performance of network.https://www.tmachineintelligence.ir/article_159760_d0be4e8e1796b3ba1b5b1c9465d28a8b.pdf