This study details the development of a digital insulin-glucose regulation system for type 2 diabetes management, utilizing a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board. The system is designed to monitor and control insulin levels in patients by measuring their blood glucose levels only. Unlike other solutions that rely on general-purpose programmable hardware, this regulator is built entirely on a hardware-based architecture without the need for software, as elaborated in this document. A prototype was created to test its effectiveness in two scenarios: (i) an open loop mode where the regulator operates independently, and (ii) a closed loop mode where it functions as an artificial pancreas and is linked to a group of one hundred virtual patients. These patients were created using a detailed theoretical model approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for pre-clinical trials of glucose regulation methods. The virtual patients exhibit similar patterns in glucose fluctuations with varying peak and trough levels post-meal. The outcomes of these tests are analyzed and compared with results derived from theoretical model simulations conducted in SIMULINK. The comparison shows relative errors within ±1%, indicating the high precision of this digital insulin-glucose regulation system. The hardware implementation processes each virtual patient's glucose data in approximately 1.1 μs and consumes about 36 mW of power. These promising results encourage further research into digital systems for glucose regulation that could be incorporated into very-large-scale integration (VLSI) as System-on-Chips or Lab-on-Chips. Such developments could pave the way for advanced, miniaturized devices suitable for portable, wearable, and implantable medical applications.
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K. Barati,K. B. , Hamidi,A. S. and Farmani,A. (2024). An overview of FPGA-based digital insulin-glucose implementations Regulator for type 2 diabetic patients. Transactions on Machine Intelligence, 7(2), 136-146. doi: 10.47176/TMI.2024.136
MLA
K. Barati,K. B. , , Hamidi,A. S. , and Farmani,A. . "An overview of FPGA-based digital insulin-glucose implementations Regulator for type 2 diabetic patients", Transactions on Machine Intelligence, 7, 2, 2024, 136-146. doi: 10.47176/TMI.2024.136
HARVARD
K. Barati K. B., Hamidi A. S., Farmani A. (2024). 'An overview of FPGA-based digital insulin-glucose implementations Regulator for type 2 diabetic patients', Transactions on Machine Intelligence, 7(2), pp. 136-146. doi: 10.47176/TMI.2024.136
CHICAGO
K. B. K. Barati, A. S. Hamidi and A. Farmani, "An overview of FPGA-based digital insulin-glucose implementations Regulator for type 2 diabetic patients," Transactions on Machine Intelligence, 7 2 (2024): 136-146, doi: 10.47176/TMI.2024.136
VANCOUVER
K. Barati K. B., Hamidi A. S., Farmani A. An overview of FPGA-based digital insulin-glucose implementations Regulator for type 2 diabetic patients. Trans. Mach. Intell., 2024; 7(2): 136-146. doi: 10.47176/TMI.2024.136
