Transactions on Machine Intelligence

Transactions on Machine Intelligence

Improving the Performance in Delta Sigma Modulator Transmitter

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Department of Electrical Engineering, Shohadaye Hoveizeh Campus of Technology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Susangerd, Khouzestan, Iran
Abstract
One significant limitation associated with delta-sigma modulator (DSM)-based transmitters is the substantial quantization noise generated at the output of the DSM, which negatively impacts the overall efficiency of the transmitter. This quantization noise arises due to the finite resolution of the digital-to-analog conversion process, leading to unwanted distortion and signal degradation. As a result, the performance of DSM-based transmitters is often limited by the trade-off between quantization noise and signal quality, specifically the signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR). This paper addresses the challenge of improving the efficiency of DSM-based transmitters by proposing a novel technique aimed at reducing quantization noise while maintaining a high SNDR. The focus of this approach is on enhancing the overall performance of DSM systems, without compromising the quality of the transmitted signal. The proposed technique involves advanced signal processing methods that selectively mitigate the effects of quantization noise, thereby improving the efficiency of the transmission process. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, particularly in the context of a 1.92 MHz Long Term Evolution (LTE) input signal, which is commonly used in modern wireless communication systems. For an oversampling ratio (OSR) of 16, the coding efficiency (CE) of the DSM-based transmitter is significantly improved, rising from 9.7% to 23%. At the same time, the SNDR remains high, measuring approximately 41 dB, indicating that the quality of the transmitted signal is preserved. These results suggest that the proposed technique offers a promising solution to enhance the performance of DSM-based transmitters, making them more efficient without sacrificing signal quality.
Keywords

[1]    Marks, N.., Kong, W.., & Birt, Daniel S.. (2018). Stability of a Switched Mode Power Amplifier Interface for Power Hardware-in-the-Loop. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,65,8445-8454 . http://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2018.2814011
[2]    Sharma, T.., Aflaki, Pouya., Helaoui, M.., & Ghannouchi, F.. (2018). Broadband GaN Class-E Power Amplifier for Load Modulated Delta Sigma and 5G Transmitter Applications. IEEE Access, 6, 4709-4719 . http://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2789248
[3]    Bhat, R.., Chakrabarti, A.., & Krishnaswamy, H.. (2015). Large-Scale Power Combining and Mixed-Signal Linearizing Architectures for Watt-Class mmWave CMOS Power Amplifiers. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 63, 703-718 . http://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2014.2387055
[4]    Lee, Ilseop., Kim, Byoungho., & Lee, Byung-geun. (2016). A Low-Power Incremental Delta–Sigma ADC for CMOS Image Sensors. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 63, 371-375 . http://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2015.2503706
[5]    Liu, Y.., Pan, Wensheng., Shao, S.., & Tang, Youxi. (2015). A General Digital Predistortion Architecture Using Constrained Feedback Bandwidth for Wideband Power Amplifiers. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 63, 1544-1555 . http://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2015.2416184
[6]    Barton, T.., & Perreault, D.. (2014). Four-Way Microstrip-Based Power Combining for Microwave Outphasing Power Amplifiers. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 61, 2987-2998 . http://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2014.2321203Grebennikov, A. (2011). RF and Microwave Tranmitters Design, 1st ed. USA: Wiley,. 848 p. (In English). ISBN 978-0-470-52099-4. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470929308
[7]    Ebrahimi, M. M., Helaoui, M. and Ghannouchi, F. M. (2009). Efficiency Enhancement of a WiMAX Switching Mode GaN Power Amplifier Trough Layout Optimization of Distributed Harmonic Matching Network. Proceedings of the IEEE European Microwave Conf, Rome, Sep 29-Oct 1.2009. https://doi.org/10.23919/EUMC.2009.5296184
[8]    Eron, M., Kim, B., Raab, F., Caverly, R. and Staudinger, J. (2011). The Head of the Class. IEEE Microwave Mag, vol. 12, no. 7, p. S17-S33. https://doi.org/10.1109/MMM.2011.942725
[9]    Helaoui, M., Hatami, S., Negra, R. and Ghannouchi, F. M. (2008). A Novel Architecture of delta-sigma modulator Enabling All-Digital Multiband Multistandard RF Tranmitters Design. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst II, vol. 55, no. 11, p. 1129-1133. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2008.2003345
[10]    Ebrahimi, M. M., Helaoui, M. and Ghannouchi, F. M. (2011). Time-Interleaved Delta Sigma Modulator for Wideband Digital GHz Tranmitters Design and SDR Applications. J. Progr. Electromagn. Res. B., vol. 34, p. 263-281. https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERB11071205
[11]    Moallemi, S. and Jannesari, A. (2012). The Design of Reconfigurable Delta-Sigma Modulator for Software Defined Radio Applications. Proceedings of the IEEE Int. Conf. Circuits Syst, Kuala Lumpur, Oct 3.-4.2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCircuitsAndSystems.2012.6408301
[12]    Keyzer, J. S., Hinrichs, J. M., Metzger, A. G., Lwamoto, M., Galton, I. and Asbeck, P. M. (2001). Digital Generation of RF Signal for Wireless Communications with Bandpass Delta Sigma Modulation. Proceedings of the IEEE Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., Phoenix, May 20.-24.2001.
[13]    Hung, T. P., Rode, J., Larson, L. E. and Asbeck, P. M. (2007). Dedign of H-bridge Class-D Power Amplifiers for Digital Pulse Modulation Transmitters. IEEE Trans. Microw Theory Techn., vol. 55, no. 12, p. 2845-2855. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2007.909881
[14]    Johnson, T. and Stapleton, S. P. (2006). RF Class-D Amplification with Bandpass Sigma-Delta Modulator Drive Signals. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst I., vol. 53, no. 12, p. 2507-2520. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2006.885980
[15]    Ebrahimi, M. M. and Helaoui, M. (2013). Reducing Quantization Noise to Boost Efficiency and Signal Bandwidth in Delta-Sigma-Based Transmitters. IEEE Trans. Microw Theory Techn., vol. 61, no. 12, p. 4245-4250. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2013.2288702
[16]    Ghannouchi, F. M., Hatami, S., Aflaki, P., Helaoui, M. and Negra, R. (2010). Accurate Power Efficiency Estimation of GHz Wireless Delta-Sigma Transmitters for Different Classes of Switching Mode Power Amplifiers. IEEE Trans. Microw Theory Techn., vol. 58, no. 11, p. 2812-2819. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2010.2077552
[17]    Ebrahimi, M. M., Bassam, S. A., Helaoui, M. and Ghannouchi, F. M. (2011). Feedback-Based Digital Predistorter for Multi-Bit Delta-Sigma Transmitter. Proceedings of the IEEE MWSCAS, Seoul, Aug 7.-10.2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2011.6026540
[18]    Chung, S. W. and Dawson, J. L. (2011). Digital Predistortion Using Quadrature ΔΣ Modulation with Fast Adaptation for WLAN Power Amplifier. Proceedings of the IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., Baltimore, June 5.-10.2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2011.5973438
[19]    Moon, J., Son, J., Lee, J. and Kim, B. (2011). A Multimode/Multiband Envelope Tracking Transmitter with Broadband Standard Amplifier Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Telecommunication in Modern Satellite Cable and Broadcasting Services (TELSIKS), Nis, Oct 5.-8.2011.
[20]    Choi, J. et al. (2007). A ΔΣ Digitized Polar RF Transmitter. IEEE Trans. Microw Theory Techn., vol. 55, no. 12, p. 2679-2690. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2007.907137
[21]    Shameli, A. et al. (2008). A Two-Point Modulation Technique for CMOS Power Amplifier in Polar Transmitter Architecture. IEEE Trans. Microw Theory Techn., vol. 56, no. 1, p. 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2007.912012
[22]    Ebrahimi, M. M., Helaoui, M. and Ghannouchi, F. M.. (2013). Delta-Sigma-Based Transmitters: Advantages and Disadvantage. IEEE Microwave Mag, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1109/MMM.2012.2226541
[23]    Grebennikov, A. (2011). A High-Efficiency 100-W Four-Stage Doherty GaN HEMT Power Amplifier Module for WCDMA Systems. Proceedings of the IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., Baltimore, June 5.-10.2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2011.5972568
[24]    Lee, S. K., Cho, Y. H., & Kim, S. H. (2010). Collaborative filtering with ordinal scale-based implicit ratings for mobile music recommendations. Information Sciences, 180(11), 2142–2155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2010.02.004
Volume 1, Issue 3
Summer 2018
Pages 162-171

  • Receive Date 09 April 2018
  • Revise Date 02 August 2018
  • Accept Date 21 September 2018